In 1848, John Humphrey Noyes of New York created the Oneida Community. Noyes believed man was able to live without sin if he lived in the perfect environment. Oneida, a utopian commune that existed for approximately 30 years was basically a gigantic group marriage that started in 1849 with 87 members and ended 1878 with 306 people. They believed every man and woman in the commune was married to each other and all the adult females could copulate with all the adult males. They promoted having sex with different partners every night so no two people would fall in love with each other (love of the commune was the goal). Even the children from ages 2 to 12 were not allowed to become particularly close with their biological parents; instead promoting the idea that all members were the parents of all the children in the commune. Males relied on the withdrawal method of birth control. Young males at the age of fourteen were taught the withdrawal method from postmenopausal woman to ensure that no unplanned pregnancies would occur. The commune had a Eugenics program, the commune leader would select what they thought were the best genetic men and woman and breed them to produce spiritually superior children.